RINGKASAN
LINA
BUDIARTI. Efikasi
Mikoinsektisida Berbahan Aktif Beauveria
bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. terhadap Penggerek Batang Padi, Serangga Hama
Lainnya dan Serangga Predator di Sawah Lebak dan Pasang Surut Sumatera
Selatan. (Dibimbing oleh SITI HERLINDA
dan ROSDAH THALIB).
Penggerek batang padi merupakan salah satu hama penting
pada tanaman padi karena menyerang fase vegetatif dan generatif. Luas serangan penggerek batang padi dapat
mencapai 141.000 ha per tahun dengan intensitas serangan rata-rata 11%. Pengendalian hama dengan mikoinsektisida
berbahan aktif B. bassiana menjadi salah satu alternatif
pengendalian yang lebih efektif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian tentang pengendalian
penggerek batang padi, serangga hama lain dengan mikoinsektisida ini perlu
dilakukan serta dampaknya terhadap kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies serangga
predator di sawah lebak dan pasang surut Sumatera Selatan.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di sawah lebak
populasi serangga lebih rendah di lahan mikoinsektisia (Scrirpophaga incertulas 2,75 ekor per 80 rumpun, Cnaphalocrosis
medinalis 21,5 ekor per 80 rumpun, dan Gryllotalpha
gryllotalpha 3,00 ekor per 80 rumpun) dibandingkan dengan lahan
konvensional (S. incertulas 8,00 ekor
per 80 rumpun, C. medinalis 24,38 ekor per
80 rumpun, dan G. gryllotalpha 3,50
ekor per 80 rumpun). Di sawah lebak aplikasi mikoinsektisida
dapat menekan serangan serangga hama (S.
incertulas 0,18%, C. medinalis 1,92%,
dan G. gryllotalpha 0,83%). Spesies serangga predator yang aktif di
permukaan tanah yang hilang pada umur padi 80 hst antara lain Camponotus ligniperda, Iridomyrmex sp., Solenopsis
geminata, Formicomus braminus, Formicomus sp., Gryllus campestris, Pherosopus sp.
A.
Aplikasi mikoinsektisida di sawah
pasang surut dapat menekan populasi hama (S.
incertulas 1,5 ekor per 80 rumpun, C.
medinalis 6,8 ekor per 80 rumpun) sedangkan di lahan konvensional (S. incertulas 8 ekor per 80 rumpun, C. medinalis 10,3 ekor per 80 rumpun). Aplikasi mikoinsektisida mampu menekan
serangan hama (S. incertulas 0,16%, C. medinalis 1,05%) dan lahan konvensional (S. incertulas 1,38%, C. medinalis 3,36%). Di pasang surut
aplikasi mikoinsektisida tidak mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman
spesies serangga predator baik di tajuk atau pun di permukaan tanah.
Dari hasil penelitian ini
disimpulkan bahwa populasi dan serangan hama di lahan yang diaplikasikan
mikoinsektisida lebih rendah dibandingkan lahan konvensional. Aplikasi
mikoinsektisida di sawah lebak mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman
spesies serangga predator di permukaan tanah, sedangkan di pasang surut
aplikasi mikoinsektisida tidak mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman
spesies serangga predator tajuk dan tanah.
SUMMARY
LINA
BUDIARTI. The
Efficacy of Mycoinsecticide with Active Ingredient
Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Against Steamborer, Other Insect Pest and
Predatory Insect in the Fresh Swamp and Tidal Land South Sumatra. (Supervised by SITI HERLINDA and ROSDAH
THALIB).
The steamborer was one of important insect pest in rice
plant because that’s was increased in vegetative and generative phase. Pest control with mycoinsecticide active
ingredient of B. bassiana was became
one of more effective alternative control.
Therefore, the research about the steamborer and the other pest insects
control with mycoinsecticide and the impact to abundance and biodiversity of
predatory insects on fresh swamp and tidal land at South Sumatra was important.
The research was conducted field experiment method and
direct observed. The research was doing
on fresh swamp and tidal land start on March to September 2012. The application of liquid mycoinsecticide
ingredient active B. bassiana with EKKU (Extract Compost the Skin Shrimp) steril
the carrier material and solid mycoinsecticide ingredient active B. bassiana with compost fortified Trichoderma spp. fungi the carrier material in the same land.
The
conclution of this research in tidal land lower population insects on land mikoinsektisia
(Scrirpophaga incertulas 2.75 individuals
per 80 clumps, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis
21.5 individuals per 80 clumps and Gryllotalpha
gryllotalpha 3.00 individuals per 80 clumps) compared with conventional
land (S. incertulas 8.00 individuals
per 80 clumps, C. medinalis 24.38 individuals
per 80, clumps and G. gryllotalpha
3.50 individuals per 80 clumps ). In tidal land application mycoinsecticide decreased
attack insect pests (S. incertulas
0.18%, C. medinalis 1.92%, and G. gryllotalpha 0.83% ). Predatory insects of species on the
soil-dwelling decrease ground at the age
of 80 hst rice Camponotus ligniperda,
Iridomyrmex sp., Solenopsis geminata, Formicomus
braminus, Formicomus sp., Gryllus campestris and Pherosopus sp. A.
Application
mycoinsecticide in fresh swamp could reduced the population pests (S. incertulas 1.5 individuals per 80
clumps, C. medinalis 6.8 individuals per 80 clumps)
while in conventional land (S. incertulas
8 individuals per 80 clumps, C. medinalis
10.3 individuals per 80 clumps). Application mycooinsecticide able to press
pest attack (S. incertulas 0.16%, C. medinalis 1.05%) and
conventional land (S. incertulas 1.38%,
C. medinalis 3.36%). In fresh swamp in application mycoinsecticide land
did not affect abundance and diversity of species of predatory insects both in canopy-inhabiting
or soil-dwelling.
The conclution of this
research was the population and pest
attack on the land applied by mycoinsecticide was lower than conventional land.
The application of mycoinsecticide in tidal land affected significantly
abundance and the diversity of species of predatory insects in the
soil-dwelling while in fresh swamp application mycoinsecticide did not affect
abundance and the diversity of species of predatory insects on the canopy-inhabiting
and the soil-dwelling.
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